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New Ithkuil Grammar and Documentation

website·Indexed 29 days ago

https://yuorb.github.io/

Comprehensive documentation for the New Ithkuil language, covering morpho-phonology, verb morphology, case morphology, and syntax. Includes detailed guides on formatives, valences (MNO, PRL, CRO, RCP, CPL, DUP, DEM, CNG, PTI), the centesimal number system, and the writing system. The site provides a lexicon, affix documentation, a numeral converter, and an online word glossing sandbox.

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What's inside New Ithkuil

  1. Overview of the New Ithkuil Writing System

    The New Ithkuil writing system is morpho-phonemic, meaning characters convey both phonological and morphological (grammatical) information. Rather than a simple alphabet or syllabary, it uses a combination of core characters and diacritic-like augmentations. The reader uses their knowledge of the language's grammar to phonetically instantiate the word based on these markers.

  2. Overview of New Ithkuil conversational course structure

    The New Ithkuil conversational course uses a top-down approach, introducing words and grammar through realistic text examples and simulated dialogues before fully explaining the underlying rules. Each lesson typically covers a specific theme (e.g., social life, family, travel) and includes the following components:

    • Non-grammar goals (e.g., ability to introduce oneself).
    • Roots (which can derive many words via stems and elaboration categories).
    • Affixes (to add subtle lexical meanings).
    • Case categories (for comparison of similar cases).
    • General or Ithkuil-specific grammar concepts.
    • Exercises.

  3. Overview of New Ithkuil Language Design

    New Ithkuil is a designed human-usable constructed language (conlang) that utilizes a grammatical concept matrix. It is designed to express deeper levels of human cognition more explicitly, logically, and precisely than natural languages. It is a heavily modified version of the original Ithkuil, featuring a more systematic and normalized structure to facilitate easier learning and research.

  4. Overview of Adjuncts

    Adjuncts are placed adjacent to a formative to provide further grammatical or semantic information. There are six primary types of Adjuncts: Affixual, Modular, Register, Suppletive, Bias, and the Parsing Adjunct.

  5. Overview of the New Ithkuil Writing System

    The native writing system of New Ithkuil is a morpho-phonemic system. Unlike alphabets or syllabaries, its characters simultaneously convey phonetic sounds and morphological (grammatical) information. It uses a set of base characters for unpredictable phonetic elements (like roots and specific affixes) and employs diacritics, patterned variants, and specialized glyphs to represent predictable grammatical transformations.

  6. Overview of Juxtapositional Cases in New Ithkuil

    Juxtapositional cases are used to specify the exact nature of the relationship between a possessor and a possessed noun. Unlike English, where the possessive is ambiguous (e.g., 'the man's story' could mean he wrote it or it is about him), New Ithkuil uses nine distinct cases to clarify whether possession is alienable, inalienable, subjective, or based on authorship/origin. These case markers are attached to the possessor noun via the Vc affix in configuration slot IX.

  7. Overview of the New Ithkuil Centesimal Number System

    New Ithkuil uses a centesimal (base-100) system of enumeration. Numbers from 0 to 100 are autonomous units represented by single stems and symbols. For numbers 101 and above, the system refers to the number of hundreds plus the number of units. A new unit reference is established every 10,000 (100 hundreds). Numbers are treated as full formatives (nouns and verbs) rather than adjectives.

  8. Overview of Small Words (小词)

    Small words are auxiliary elements placed adjacent to formative words to provide further grammatical or semantic information. There are six types of small words: Affixal, Modal, Discourse Domain, Complement, Perceptual, and Analytical.

  9. Overview of New Ithkuil language design

    New Ithkuil is a constructed human-usable language designed to express deep levels of human cognition more overtly, logically, and precisely than natural languages. It is a systematic and regularized evolution of the original Ithkuil language, incorporating improvements from the community and the author to make the language easier to study and learn.

  10. Overview of New Ithkuil Word Types

    New Ithkuil categorizes words into three primary types:

    • Formatives: A class of words generally corresponding to both nouns and verbs in natural languages.
    • Adjuncts: Helper words that provide additional semantic information about an adjoining formative.
    • Referentials: Dynamic words that operate similarly to pronouns in natural languages.

  11. Overview of New Ithkuil phonotaxis

    Phonotaxis in New Ithkuil refers to the rules governing the allowed combinations of consonants and vowels within syllables and words, including syllable structure and diphthong formation. Due to the complexity of these rules, they are documented in a separate dedicated Phonotaxis document.

  12. Identify New Ithkuil word types: Morphosyllables, Particles, and Pronominals

    New Ithkuil distinguishes between three primary word-like structures:

    • Morphosyllables (构形词): The primary complex words formed from roots and stems.
    • Particles (小词): Agglutinative affixes consisting of consonants and/or vowels that attach to morphosyllables to provide additional grammatical information (similar to English auxiliary verbs or determiners).
    • Pronominals (指代词): Complex dynamic markers used to identify persons associated with morphosyllables, similar to pronouns in natural languages.