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Wiki-Power Knowledge Base

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http://wiki-power.com/

A technical knowledge base covering Homelab deployments (including frp, Cloudreve, Wiki.js, Home Assistant, and Uptime Kuma), STM32 HAL library development notes for I2C, LwIP, and GPIO, and electronics engineering guides on EMC design, LDO PSRR measurement, and antenna matching circuits.

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What's inside Wiki-Power

  1. Overview of Memory Classifications

    Memory is generally classified into four major categories based on their function and volatility:

    1. Internal Memory (RAM): Fast, volatile memory used for direct data exchange with the CPU/MCU.
    2. External Memory (ROM): Non-volatile auxiliary storage with larger capacity but slower speeds.
    3. Buffer Memory (Cache): High-speed memory (typically SRAM) used to reduce data retrieval time between the CPU and main memory.
    4. Flash Memory: A non-volatile, electrically erasable storage type that operates in sectors/blocks.

  2. Overview of Wight Cloud-Based Wireless Lighting System

    Wight is a cloud-based wireless lighting system designed for rural and remote areas (e.g., streetlights). It features solar power for self-sustainability, wireless connectivity to avoid cabling, and smart algorithms that automatically activate lights at night or increase brightness when motion (people or vehicles) is detected. The system uses a GSM central controller for remote batch debugging and supports custom expandability for individual user requirements.

  3. Overview of Open-Short (OS) Testing in Semiconductors

    Open-Short (OS) testing, also known as continuity or contact testing, is used to verify the electrical contact between the test system and all pins of a Device Under Test (DUT). It ensures that pins are not shorted to other pins or to power/ground. OS testing can quickly detect physical electrical defects such as pin shorts, missing bond wires, electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage, manufacturing defects, or contact issues with ProbeCards and Sockets. The test typically leverages the protection diodes connected to VDD and Ground.

  4. Overview of DMA in STM32 HAL

    Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows hardware peripherals to communicate directly with memory or other peripherals without constant CPU intervention, reducing interrupt overhead. Common use cases include UART communication (high-volume data), ADC channel scanning, and SD card read/write operations. On STM32F4 series, there are two DMA controllers with a total of 12 channels (DMA1 has 7, DMA2 has 5).

  5. Overview of Automated Test Equipment (ATE) Architecture

    Automated Test Equipment (ATE) is used to verify the integrity of integrated circuit functions in the final stages of production. The system typically consists of three primary sections:

    1. Input Section: Provides VIL (Voltage Input Low) and VIH (Voltage Input High) voltages to the Device Under Test (DUT).
    2. Output Section: Compares the DUT's output voltage against VOL (Voltage Output Low) and VOH (Voltage Output High) thresholds.
    3. Dynamic Load: Obtains output voltage by loading IOL/IOH current for comparison with VOL/VOH, or directly compares output current with ILow/IHigh (available on high-end machines).

    Common ATE subsystems include high/low level drive circuits, programmable current loads, voltage comparators, PMU connection circuits, high-speed current comparators, and high-speed switches.

  6. Overview of the Test Interface Controller (TIC)

    The Test Interface Controller (TIC) is a bus master following the AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) Test Interface protocol. It is designed to isolate and test individual modules within a system by providing a method to test inputs and outputs of peripherals not connected to the main bus. It uses a three-wire handshake mechanism to control the reading and writing of Vectors and utilizes the External Bus Interface (EBI) as the data path to import external Vectors into the internal bus.

  7. Overview of DMA (Direct Memory Access) in STM32

    DMA allows hardware devices of different speeds to communicate directly without relying on CPU interrupts, freeing the CPU for more critical tasks. In the STM32F4 series, there are two DMA controllers with a total of 12 channels (7 in DMA1 and 5 in DMA2) that share the system data bus with the Cortex-M3 core.

    Common use cases include:

    • Serial Communication: Reading/writing large amounts of data to/from serial ports.
    • ADC (Analog-to-Digital Conversion): Used in channel scanning mode.
    • SD Card Read/Write: Handling substantial data transfers to/from SD cards.

  8. Overview of Stirling-PDF

    Stirling-PDF is a self-hosted PDF toolkit that provides a wide range of PDF manipulation capabilities, including splitting, merging, rotating, extracting pages, image conversion, reordering, adding/extracting images, password management (adding/removing), permission settings, watermarking, converting other files to PDF, OCR text recognition, and metadata editing. It also supports dark mode.

  9. Overview of Embedded Ethernet Hardware Components

    Embedded Ethernet hardware typically consists of the following components: a MAC (Media Access Control) controller, a PHY (Physical Layer) chip, a network transformer, and an RJ45 connector. Some systems also include a DMA controller. In most modern systems, the MAC is integrated into the CPU/MCU (as it is digital circuitry), requiring the developer to design the external PHY, transformer, and interface. Note that network transformers are often integrated directly into the RJ45 connector.

  10. Overview of Open and Short (OS) Testing in Semiconductors

    Open and Short (OS) testing, also known as continuity or contact testing, verifies the electrical connectivity between the testing system and the Device Under Test (DUT). It ensures pins are not shorted to other pins or the power supply/ground and that there are no open circuits. This process identifies defects such as missing bond wires, pin shorts, electrostatic damage, manufacturing defects, or issues with ProbeCards and sockets. OS testing typically leverages the protection diodes connected to VDD and ground.

  11. Overview of Stirling-PDF features

    Stirling-PDF is a self-hosted PDF toolkit providing a wide range of PDF manipulation capabilities, including splitting, merging, rotating, page extraction, image conversion, reordering, image insertion/extraction, password management (addition/removal), permission settings, watermarking, file-to-PDF conversion, OCR text recognition, and metadata editing. It also supports dark mode.