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Linux System Management Documentation

website·Indexed 31 days ago

https://linux.weiweixu.cn

Comprehensive guides on Linux system administration, covering permission management (RBAC, chmod, chown), user and group authentication, package management (RPM, DEB, YUM), and disk storage (RAID, LVM, GPT). Includes practical tutorials on standard IO, text processing tools like grep and find, and the setup of virtual machines and private YUM repositories.

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What's inside Linux

  1. Overview of Scoop package manager

    Scoop is a command-line package manager for Windows geared toward developers. Unlike WinGet, which often uses official .exe/.msi installers and requires admin privileges, Scoop focuses on portable (green) software installed in the user directory (C:\Users\<username>\scoop).

    Key advantages include:

    • No administrator privileges required for most installs.
    • No system environment pollution (automatic PATH management).
    • Portable experience (software is extracted to folders).
    • Easy version switching for tools like Java.

  2. Overview of Operating System Functions

    An Operating System (OS) acts as the core foundation of a computer, managing hardware and software resources and providing an interface for interaction. Its primary functions include:

    • Hardware Driver management
    • Process management
    • Memory management
    • Network management
    • Security management
    • File management

  3. Overview of mise development environment manager

    mise is a high-performance development environment manager written in Rust. It serves as a unified CLI that replaces multiple specialized tools by integrating three core functions: development tool version management (replacing nvm, pyenv, asdf, etc.), environment variable management (similar to direnv), and a unified task running system (replacing make or npm scripts). It supports over 50 tools and provides native support for Linux, MacOS, and Windows.

  4. Overview of Specialized Technical Roles in Software Engineering

    Various specialized technical roles support the software lifecycle:

    • Testing: Includes Test Engineers (test plans/cases) and Test Development Engineers (automation frameworks/tools).
    • Algorithms: Focuses on search, recommendation, and optimization using Python/C++ and foundations in linear algebra and machine learning.
    • Ops & Systems: Includes Ops Engineers (deployment/monitoring), SRE/Ops Dev (automation tools), and System Dev (OS, middleware, compilers).
    • Big Data & AI: Covers Big Data Dev (data pipelines), Data Mining, AI Algorithm Engineers (ML/DL models), NLP, Computer Vision, and Autonomous Driving systems.
    • Game Development: Spans C++ Client/Engine development, Unity 3D (C#), and C++ Server development (matchmaking, state sync).
    • Database: Includes Database R&D (kernels, storage engines) and DBAs (tuning, backup, disaster recovery).
    • Embedded Systems: Focuses on dedicated hardware using C/C++, RTOS, Embedded Linux, and protocols like UART, I2C, SPI, and CAN.
    • Security: Focuses on risk prevention across Web, Mobile, and Network layers, including penetration testing and vulnerability research.

  5. Overview of Rocky Linux features

    Rocky Linux is a community-driven, enterprise-grade Linux distribution designed to be 100% bug-for-bug compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). It serves as a free, stable alternative to CentOS.

    Core Advantages:

    • RHEL Compatibility: Binary compatible with RHEL; packages and configs migrate without modification.
    • Security: Includes built-in SELinux and firewall modules.
    • Governance: Managed by the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation (RESF) to ensure open-source neutrality.
    • Support: Long-term support (LTS) aligned with RHEL, typically providing 10 years of maintenance.
    • Migration: Supports the migrate2rocky script for transitioning from CentOS or RHEL.

  6. Overview of Client-Side Development Roles

    Client-side development focuses on the user-facing part of an application. Common specializations include:

    • Desktop Client: Developing for Windows using C++, Qt, C#, .NET, or WinUI.
    • Web Client: Frontend engineering using HTML, CSS, JavaScript/TypeScript, Vue, and React.
    • Mobile Client: Android (Kotlin, Java) and iOS (Swift) development.
    • Mini Programs: Developing for platforms like WeChat using JavaScript/TypeScript and specific mini-program frameworks.

  7. Overview of Windows Package Managers

    Windows supports several package managers that allow users to install, upgrade, and uninstall software via the command line, moving away from manual GUI-based installations (.exe, .msi, .zip).

    Key options include:

    • winget (Windows Package Manager): Official Microsoft tool, stable, supports common third-party packages.
    • Chocolatey: Popular community-supported manager with a vast library of software and commercial support.
    • Scoop: Community-supported, focused on developer tools (languages, databases), and does not require administrator privileges for installation.
    • Ninite: A simplified tool for non-command-line users to automate the installation and updating of common software.

  8. Overview of Ubuntu Linux Distribution

    Ubuntu is an open-source Linux operating system based on Debian. It is widely used across personal computers, enterprise servers, cloud computing, and IoT devices. Key characteristics include being free and open-source, user-friendly (defaulting to the GNOME desktop environment), secure, and possessing a vast software ecosystem managed via the apt package manager.

    Release Cycles:

    • Regular Releases: Released every 6 months (April and October) with 9 months of support.
    • LTS (Long Term Support): Released every two years in April (e.g., 20.04, 22.04, 24.04). These provide 5 years of free security updates and are preferred for enterprise and server environments.

    Version Variants:

    • Ubuntu Desktop: For personal computers, office work, and development.
    • Ubuntu Server: Optimized for servers, lacks a graphical user interface.
    • Ubuntu Core: Small, secure version designed for IoT and edge computing.

  9. Overview of Computer Network Applications and the Internet of Things (IoT)

    Computer networks enable a wide variety of applications categorized by their primary function:

    • Information Browsing & Publishing: Search engines (Google, Baidu), blogs, and microblogs.
    • Communication & Exchange: Email, VoIP, and instant messaging (QQ, Skype, WeChat, Facebook, Twitter).
    • Leisure & Entertainment: IPTV, video sites (Bilibili, YouTube), and interactive online games.
    • Resource Sharing: File transfer software, P2P sharing, shared hardware (printers), and Cloud Computing.
    • E-commerce: Online shopping, ticketing, and banking.
    • Remote Collaboration: Remote education and telemedicine.
    • Online Office: E-government systems and university administration systems.

    Internet of Things (IoT): An extension of computer networking that interconnects not just traditional computing devices (servers, laptops, phones) but also home appliances, environmental sensors, and any identifiable physical object.

  11. Implement Data Transmission using Packet Switching

    Packet Switching is the fundamental technology for computer networks. Instead of a dedicated circuit, long messages (messages) are divided into smaller, equal-length segments called packets. Each packet is appended with a header containing critical routing information (source address, destination address, sequence number, protocol control, and error detection).

    Nodes (routers) use a 'Store-and-Forward' mechanism: they buffer the incoming packet, extract the destination address from the header, consult a forwarding table, and send the packet to the next hop. The destination host then strips the headers and reassembles the packets into the original message.