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HowToLinux Comprehensive Tutorials

website·Indexed 30 days ago

https://howtolinux.vercel.app/

A collection of Linux tutorials covering installation, post-installation steps, and system administration. Includes guides on desktop environments like GNOME, distribution-specific tips for Ubuntu and Debian, and recommendations for essential apps across categories such as programming, office, and graphic tools. Provides advanced tweaks for boot time optimization, memory performance (Zram, Zswap), terminal customization, and display settings.

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What's inside HowToLinux

  1. Overview of Red Hat-based Linux distributions

    Red Hat is a commercial distribution forming the basis for many enterprise and server-grade systems. Key Red Hat-based distros include:

    • Fedora: A cutting-edge, community-driven distro for developers and early adopters with a fast release cycle.
    • CentOS: A free, open-source version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) known for stability. Note: Being replaced by Rocky Linux.
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL): A commercial, enterprise-grade distribution used primarily in large organizations and government agencies.

  2. Overview of Arch-based Linux distributions

    Arch Linux is a minimalist, rolling-release distribution emphasizing DIY customization and simplicity. Key Arch-based distros include:

    • Arch Linux: A flexible, command-line focused distro for advanced users who want full system control.
    • Manjaro: A user-friendly version of Arch with custom desktop environments (Xfce, GNOME, KDE) and an easier learning curve.
    • EndeavourOS: A minimalist rolling-release distro that provides a more accessible installer for the Arch experience.

  3. Overview of Debian-based Linux distributions

    Debian is a community-driven, open-source OS that serves as the foundation for several popular distributions. Key Debian-based distros include:

    • Ubuntu: User-friendly and stable; recommended for beginners. Uses GNOME (modern) or Unity (older).
    • Linux Mint: Desktop-oriented and based on Ubuntu; features the Cinnamon desktop environment. Ideal for users migrating from Windows or macOS.
    • Debian: Focused on stability, security, and freedom with a slower release cycle and diverse software repository.
    • Pop!_OS: Based on Ubuntu; focused on productivity, gaming, and developers with a streamlined installer.

  4. Overview of Bedrock Linux

    Bedrock Linux is a meta-distribution that allows users to mix-and-match components from typically incompatible Linux distributions into a single cohesive system. This enables the simultaneous use of different kernels, init systems, and package managers (e.g., combining Debian's stable coreutils, Arch's kernel, and Void's runit init system) as if they were packaged for the same distribution.

  5. Install Krita Art Software on Linux

    Krita is professional open-source art software designed for digital painting and design. Install it using the package manager for your distribution:
    # Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S krita

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install krita

# Fedora
sudo dnf install krita

# Void Linux
sudo xbps-install krita

  6. Switch from X11 to Wayland

    To switch from X11 to Wayland, you must log out of your current session and select the Wayland session at the login screen. The process varies by desktop environment:

    • GNOME: Log out $\rightarrow$ Click gear icon next to 'Sign In' $\rightarrow$ Select 'GNOME on Wayland'.
    • KDE Plasma: Log out $\rightarrow$ Click 'Session' button on login screen $\rightarrow$ Select 'Plasma (Wayland)'.
    • XFCE: Log out $\rightarrow$ Click gear icon next to 'Sign In' $\rightarrow$ Select 'XFCE with Wayland'.

  7. Re-enable a masked system service

    To re-enable a service that was previously disabled and masked, you must first unmask it before enabling it.
    # Replace xyz.service with the actual service name
sudo systemctl unmask xyz.service
sudo systemctl enable xyz.service

  8. Create a swap file on Ext4

    Ext4 supports swap files natively. This is a space-efficient alternative to a dedicated swap partition as it can be easily resized or removed post-installation.
    # 1. Create a 4GB swap file
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4 status=progress

# 2. Set permissions and format as swap
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile

# 3. Enable the swap file
sudo swapon /swapfile

# 4. Make it persistent in /etc/fstab
# Add this line to /etc/fstab:
# /swapfile none swap defaults 0 0

  9. Install Audacity audio editor

    Audacity is an open-source, multi-track audio editor used for recording audio and editing music clips.
    # Arch
sudo pacman -S audacity

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install audacity

# Fedora
sudo dnf install audacity

# Void
sudo xbps-install audacity

  10. Install Synaptic Package Manager

    Synaptic provides a graphical front-end for the APT package management system.
    # Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S synaptic

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install synaptic

# Fedora
sudo dnf install synaptic

# Void Linux
sudo xbps-install -S synaptic

  11. Configure Zram on Void Linux (Runit)

    To set up Zram on Void Linux using Runit, create a service file and link it to the default runlevel.
    # 1. Create the service file /etc/sv/zram
cat <<EOF > /etc/sv/zram
#!/bin/sh
exec 2>&1
exec zramctl --find
exec mkswap /dev/zramX
exec swapon -p 100 /dev/zramX
EOF

# 2. Make executable and link to service
chmod +x /etc/sv/zram
ln -s /etc/sv/zram /var/service/

  12. Install Htop for process monitoring

    Htop is an interactive utility to monitor CPU and memory usage per process.
    # Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S htop

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install htop

# Fedora
sudo dnf install htop

# Void Linux
sudo xbps-install -S htop