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GBADs Data Governance Handbook

website·Indexed 32 days ago

https://gbadske.org/

Documentation for the Global Burden of Animal-Sourced Diseases (GBADs) Knowledge Engine, featuring a Data Governance Handbook. It covers FAIR and CARE data principles, metadata schemas, data quality analysis, R coding best practices, and guidelines for data access, licensing, and security.

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What's inside GBADs

  1. Overview of GBADs Data Portal API

    The GBADs Data Portal provides public access to livestock databases from OIE, FAOSTAT, and the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. The API is public and does not require login credentials or API tokens. Data can be retrieved via browser (HTML/CSV), command-line tools (cURL), or programming languages like Python and R.

  2. Overview of Animal Welfare Regulations and Standards

    Animal welfare is governed by a mix of international standards, regional directives, and national laws:

    • European Union (EU): The first to publish animal welfare directives for food production (Directive 98/581) following the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty. The EU also has specific directives for animal transport (Directive 1/2005) and slaughter (Directive 1099/2009).
    • World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH/OIE): Published Animal Welfare Standards for terrestrial and aquatic animals in 2004.
    • UK: The Animal Welfare Act 2006 focuses on reducing animal suffering through preventive action.
    • Private Sector: Organizations like the RSPCA provide their own guidelines, auditing, and product labeling services.

  3. Overview of Animal Welfare Regulations and Standards

    Animal welfare is governed by a mix of international, regional, and national standards:

    • European Union (EU): The first to publish animal welfare directives for food production (Directive 98/581) following the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty. The EU also has specific directives for animal transport (Directive 1/2005) and slaughter (Directive 1099/2009).
    • World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH/OIE): Published Animal Welfare Standards for terrestrial and aquatic animals in 2004.
    • UK: The Animal Welfare Act 2006 focuses on reducing animal suffering through preventive action.
    • Private Sector: Organizations like the RSPCA adopt independent guidelines to provide auditing and product labeling services.

  4. Overview of the Senegal Small Ruminants Case Study Dashboard

    This dashboard presents the results of a 2023 case study conducted within the GBADs programme to estimate the burden of disease in small ruminants in Senegal's mixed-crop livestock sector. The study utilizes a Dynamic Population Model (DPM) to estimate the Animal Health Loss Envelope (AHLE). All parameters and prices are aligned to the year 2022.

  5. Overview of animal welfare regulatory milestones

    Key events and regulations that have shaped animal welfare standards globally and in Europe:

    • 1964: Publication of Animal Machines by Ruth Harrison, raising public concern about intensive farming.
    • 1965: The Brambell Committee report in the UK on welfare conditions in intensive livestock husbandry.
    • 1979: Creation of the Farm Animal Welfare Council, which published the Five Freedoms.
    • 1997: The Amsterdam Treaty introduced a Protocol on Animal Welfare in the EU.
    • 1998: EU Directive 98/581 established minimum guidelines for food production animals.
    • 2004: The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) published Animal Welfare Standards for terrestrial and aquatic animals.
    • 2005/2009: EU Directives 1/2005 (transport) and 1099/2009 (slaughter).
    • 2018: 'End the Cage Age' initiative by the European Commission to ban cages for various poultry and rabbits.
    • Farm to Fork Strategy: An EU initiative to transition to a sustainable food system, including a full revision of animal welfare legislation by 2023.

  6. Overview of Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Dashboards

    The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) provides a suite of interactive dashboards designed to calculate the economic and health disease burden of animal diseases. The ecosystem is divided into several functional areas:

    • Population Dashboards: Access livestock population data at national and subnational levels.
    • Biomass Dashboard: Quantifies livestock biomass using various calculations.
    • Analytical Dashboards: Displays results from modeling efforts, including the Animal Health Loss Envelope and Total Economic Value.
    • Data Portal: Used to access and discover the datasets utilized in calculations.
    • FAOSTAT Visualizer: Used to explore the consistency of datasets.

  7. Overview of international animal welfare regulations and standards

    Animal welfare is governed by a mix of national, regional, and international regulations:

    • European Union (EU): The first to publish animal welfare directives for food production (Directive 98/581) following the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty. Specific directives cover animal transport (Directive 1/2005) and slaughter (Directive 1099/2009).
    • World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): Published Animal Welfare Standards for terrestrial and aquatic animals in 2004.
    • UK: The Animal Welfare Act 2006 focuses on reducing animal suffering through preventive action.
    • Private Sector: Organizations like the RSPCA provide their own guidelines, auditing, and product labeling services.

  8. Understand the role of Animal-Sourced Foods (ASFs) in human health

    Animal-Sourced Foods (ASFs) provide critical macronutrients (protein, fat) and micronutrients (calcium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin A, iron, and zinc) that are often less bioavailable or harder to find in plant-based sources. Whole ASFs also contain bioactive factors that enhance nutrient availability compared to supplements.

    ASFs are particularly critical during specific life stages:

    • Childhood, Pregnancy, and Lactation: Low consumption is correlated with anemia, stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies.
    • Old Age: Low consumption is linked to functional decline; ASF-derived protein may be more effective than plant-based protein in maintaining muscle mass.

    Deficiencies in these nutrients can create a cycle of impaired gut function, reduced nutrient absorption, weakened immunological functioning, and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. These issues affect both undernourished populations and those suffering from obesity.

  9. Integrate animal welfare into GBADs economic estimations

    The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) program incorporates animal welfare into its economic estimations by analyzing welfare factors that contribute to disease and estimating welfare impairment after disease emergence. The program focuses on three specific areas of study:

    • The impact of animal welfare policy on national and regional farm economics.
    • The economic consequences of production systems (housing and management) on animal welfare.
    • The relationship between production systems, behavioral outcomes, and disease.

    Note: GBADs does not currently generate its own data but relies on open data sources, private data, and expert elicitation.

  10. Use Graph Databases for data connection visualization

    Graph databases are used within the GBADs knowledge engine to visualize data, reveal trends and patterns, and facilitate trust by mapping data flows. This technology is used to maximize the utility of identified data sources.

  11. Understand the GBADs Metadata Schema model

    The GBADs knowledge engine uses a subject-predicate-object model to describe data assets and track data lineage, ensuring metadata is FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable).

    • Subject: The entity being described (e.g., a dataset).
    • Predicate: The relationship or element describing the subject (e.g., 'creator').
    • Object: The value describing the subject (e.g., 'FAO').

    GBADs specifically utilizes metadata elements from schema.org and PROV-DM to standardize these descriptions.

  12. Utilize GBADs for sustainable ASF production and consumption

    The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) provides data and analysis to help experts in nutrition and environmental science balance human, animal, and planetary health. GBADs contributes by:

    • Identifying inefficiencies in livestock production and value chains.
    • Providing production system data to identify the most efficient systems for specific contexts.
    • Estimating ASF production by commodity and location to identify where livestock health improvements could increase food access.
    • Quantifying the link between poor livestock health and poor human health.
    • Strengthening the connection between the livestock production and nutrition sectors.