A Distributed Validator (DV) is an Ethereum proof-of-stake validator running across multiple nodes. Each node consists of execution and consensus layer clients, a validator client, and Charon (middleware). Charon manages the consensus algorithm and aggregates partial signatures from nodes into a final validator signature.
The Operator Service's role in registration depends on key generation:
- Centrally generated keys: The Operator Service can access keys and register validators directly.
- DKG ceremony generated keys: No single party holds the full key; registration is handled via StakeWise DVT components (Sidecars and DVT Relayer).