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https://dasarpemrogramanpython.novalagung.com/A comprehensive guide to Python programming basics, covering fundamental concepts such as variables, operators, data types (strings, dictionaries), and control flow (break, continue). It also explores advanced topics including decorators, pattern matching, data classes, duck typing, exception handling (try, except, else, finally), and module/package management using pip.
Python provides four primary classes in the csv module for interacting with tabular data:
csv.writer(): Writes sequences (lists/tuples) to a CSV file.csv.DictWriter(): Writes dictionaries to a CSV file, mapping keys to headers.csv.reader(): Reads CSV data as sequences.csv.DictReader(): Reads CSV data as dictionaries, using the header row as keys.The project uses a serverless architecture to generate both a web-based book and a PDF version. The tech stack consists of:
@ symbol, placed immediately before a function or method declaration. It allows a developer to wrap another function to extend its behavior without permanently modifying its source code. Python provides built-in decorators such as @classmethod (to mark a method as a class method) and @staticmethod (to mark a method as a static method).# The consumer function only cares if the object has 'calculate_area()'
def do_the_math(obj):
area = obj.calculate_area()
print(f"area of {type(obj).__name__}: {area}")
# Scenario 1: Standard Instance Method
class Triangle:
def __init__(self, b, h):
self.b = b
self.h = h
def calculate_area(self):
return 1/2 * self.b * self.h
# Scenario 2: Attribute containing a closure
def number_10():
return 10
class AreaOf2x10:
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.calculate_area = number_10
# Scenario 3: Attribute containing a lambda
import random
class AreaOfRandomInt:
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.calculate_area = lambda : random.randint(0, 10) * 2
# Scenario 4: Class Method (passing the class itself instead of an instance)
class NotReallyA2dObject:
@classmethod
def calculate_area(cls):
return "where is the number?"
# All of these work because they all provide a 'calculate_area' callable
do_the_math(Triangle(4, 10))
do_the_math(AreaOf2x10())
do_the_math(AreaOfRandomInt())
do_the_math(NotReallyA2dObject)None is a built-in Python object used to represent a null value or an empty state. It is distinct from other 'empty' values such as the integer 0 or an empty string "". A variable is only considered truly empty in this context when it is explicitly assigned the value None.def inspect_data(data):
if data is None:
print("data is empty. like very empty")
else:
print(f"data: {data}, type: {type(data).__name__}")
inspect_data(0) # output ➜ data: 0, type: int
inspect_data("") # output ➜ data: , type: str
inspect_data(None) # output ➜ data is empty. like very emptyid() function returns a unique identifier for an object, which represents its address in memory. When a sequence (like a list) is assigned from one variable to another, both variables point to the same object in memory. Consequently, mutating the object via one variable (e.g., using .append()) will reflect the change in all variables referencing that same object, and the object ID remains constant during these mutations.numbers1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
numbers2 = numbers1
print(id(numbers1)) # Example: 2269649131136
print(id(numbers2)) # Example: 2269649131136
numbers2.append(9)
print(numbers1) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 9]- PDF Ebook: https://github.com/novalagung/dasarpemrogramanpython/raw/ebooks/dasarpemrogramanpython.pdf
- Website Source Code: https://github.com/novalagung/dasarpemrogramanpython
- Practice Source Code: https://github.com/novalagung/dasarpemrogramanpython-examplefor in loop. Common examples of iterables include strings, lists, and tuples. Iteration is the process of accessing these collective data items one by one in sequence.condition = "weteng luwe"
for c in condition:
print(c)
numbers = [10, 12, 32, 44]
for n in numbers:
print(n)There are numerous editors and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) available for Python development. Popular options include:
For interactive development and shell-based execution, you can use the Python standard shell (REPL) or Jupyter.
datetime.fromisoformat() for a practical and direct conversion to a datetime object.from datetime import datetime
# Without timezone
data_datetime = datetime.fromisoformat('1985-04-12T23:20:50.52')
# With timezone offset
data_datetime = datetime.fromisoformat('1985-04-12T23:20:50.52+0700')finally block is executed regardless of whether an exception was raised or caught. It is used to mark the end of the exception handling process and is typically used for cleanup actions (e.g., closing files or network connections).try:
# code that might raise exception
res = 10 / 2
except Exception as err:
print(f"Error: {err}")
finally:
print("program completed") # Always executesfrom dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Country:
name: str
seasons: list
number_of_population: float
def info(self) -> str:
return f"{self.name} | {len(self.seasons)} seasons | {self.number_of_population} million population"
c = Country("Indonesia", ["Rainy", "Dry"], 275.5)
print(c.info())