Zephyr Real-Time Operating System Documentation

repository·main·Indexed 29 days ago

https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr

Zephyr is a real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for resource-constrained devices. This documentation covers hardware abstraction layers, MCUX SDK NG integration via CMake, TensorFlow Lite Micro model training for microcontrollers, and specialized tools like the Zephyr Build Dashboard and UEFI binary generation via zefi.py. It also includes technical details on Xtensa MMU/TLB operations and x86 EFI application linkage requirements.

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What's inside Zephyr RTOS

  1. Overview of STM32U5G9J-DK1 Discovery kit

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    The STM32U5G9J-DK1 Discovery kit is a development platform based on the STM32U5G9NJH6Q microcontroller (Arm® Cortex®-M33 with Arm® TrustZone®). It features 3 MB SRAM, 4 MB flash, and high-performance graphics support via 2.5D NeoChrom, Chrom-ART, and Chrom-GRC™ accelerators.

    Key hardware includes:

    • 2.47-inch RGB 480x480 TFT round LCD with MIPI DSI® and capacitive touch.
    • USB Type-C® HS, Octo-SPI flash, Hexadeca-SPI PSRAM, and eMMC flash.
    • Time-of-Flight and gesture detection sensors.
    • Integrated ST-LINK/V3E debugger/programmer with a USB Virtual COM port bridge.
  2. Overview of ESP32-C3-DevKit-RUST hardware

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    The ESP32-C3-DevKit-RUST is a development board based on the ESP32-C3 RISC-V single-core SoC.

    Key Hardware Features:

    • SoC: ESP32-C3 (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5 LE).
    • Module: Includes an ESP32-C3-MINI-1 module.
    • Sensors: 6DoF IMU (ICM-42670-P) and a temperature/humidity sensor (SHTC3).
    • Power: USB Type-C (note: no Power Delivery/PD compatibility) and a Li-Ion battery charger.
    • Peripherals: WS2812 LED and a user LED.
  3. Overview of EFM32PG23 Pearl Gecko Board (pg23_pk2504a)

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    The EFM32PG23 Pearl Gecko Board (pg23_pk2504a) is a development kit based on the EFM32PG23 SoC, featuring an ARM Cortex®-M33 processor.

    Key Hardware Specifications:

    • CPU: ARM Cortex®-M33
    • Flash: 512 kB
    • RAM: 64 kB
    • On-board Debugger: SEGGER J-Link
    • Peripherals: USB connectivity, Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM), 4x10 segment LCD, Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor, and an inductive LC sensor.
    • Expansion: 20-pin 2.54 mm header and breakout pads for I/O access.
    • Power: USB or CR2032 coin cell battery.
  4. Overview of the Adafruit KB2040 board

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    The Adafruit KB2040 is a versatile, low-cost board based on the RP2040 SoC.

    Key Hardware Specifications:

    • Processor: Dual-core Arm Cortex-M0+ (up to 133MHz)
    • Memory: 264KB SRAM, 8MB on-board QSPI flash (XIP capable)
    • GPIO: 18 pins, 4 Analog inputs, 16 PWM channels
    • Peripherals: 1 UART, 1 SPI, 2 I2C (one via STEMMA QT), 8 PIO (Programmable I/O), USB 1.1 (host/device)
    • On-board features: RGB Neopixel, USB connector, STEMMA QT connector, and a Watchdog timer.
  5. Overview of XMC47 Relax Kit hardware

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    The xmc47_relax_kit (KIT_XMC47_RELAX_V1) is an evaluation kit based on the XMC 4700 family. It features an Arm Cortex-M4 core running at up to 144 MHz.

    Key Hardware Specifications:

    • SoC: XMC 4700 (LQFP144)
    • CPU: Arm Cortex-M4 @ 144 MHz
    • Memory: 2048 KB Flash, 352 KB SRAM
    • Connectivity: Ethernet, CAN, 32-Mb QSPI flash, microSD card slot
    • Debug: Detachable SEGGER J-Link debugger (supports SWD, SWO, and UART VCOM)
    • Expansion: Arduino-compatible headers (3.3V) and two 80-pin headers (x1, x2)
    • Power: USB powered (3.3V operating) via Micro-USB connector
  6. Overview of ElemRV-N Hardware

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    ElemRV-N is an open-source RISC-V microcontroller designed using SpinalHDL. The currently supported silicon version is ElemRV-N 0.2, fabricated using a 130nm open semiconductor process.

    Key Specifications:

    • CPU: VexRiscv RISC-V core with a 5-stage pipeline.
    • ISA Extensions: RV32IMC_Zicntr_Zicsr_Zifencei (includes Integer Multiply/Divide, Compressed Instructions, Base Counter/Timer, CSR operations, and Instruction-fetch fence).
    • System Clock: 20 MHz (configured via the clock-frequency property in the cpu0 devicetree node).
    • Interrupts: Each core features a Hart-Level Interrupt Controller (HLIC) configurable via CSRs.
    • Timer: RISC-V compliant machine timer enabled by default.
    • GPIO: 12 individual pins with tri-state capabilities (configurable as input or output).
  7. Overview of the Renesas FPB-RA6E1 board

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    The Renesas FPB-RA6E1 is a fast prototyping board based on the RA6E1 MCU, which features a 200MHz Arm® Cortex®-M33 core with TrustZone®. It is designed for entry-level IoT applications requiring high performance and connectivity (such as Ethernet).

    Key Hardware Features:

    • MCU: RA6E1 (100-pin LQFP package).
    • Debug/Programming: Built-in SEGGER J-Link Emulator (SWD) via USB.
    • Expansion: Supports Arduino (Uno R3) connectors and Digilent Pmod™ (SPI, UART) connectors (not fitted).
    • User Interface: Includes user LEDs (green), a debug/power LED (yellow), one user button, and one reset button.
    • Power: Two 5V input sources available.
  8. Overview of Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32S3 and XIAO ESP32S3 Sense

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    The Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32S3 and XIAO ESP32S3 Sense are IoT mini development boards based on the Espressif ESP32-S3 SoC.

    Key Hardware Features:

    • SoC: ESP32-S3 with dual-core Xtensa® 32-bit LX7 microprocessor.
    • Connectivity: Integrated 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE).
    • Memory: 8MB of flash.
    • Interfaces: USB-C port for programming and debugging, integrated battery charging, and an U.FL external antenna connector.
    • Form Factor: Standard XIAO 14-pin pinout.

    Sense Variant Differences: The XIAO ESP32S3 Sense includes additional hardware:

    • OV2640 camera sensor
    • Microphone
    • SD card slot
  9. Overview of LPCXpresso55S06 hardware

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    The LPCXpresso55S06 is an evaluation platform for the LPC55S0x/LPC550x MCU family, based on the Arm® Cortex®-M33 architecture.

    Key Hardware Specifications:

    • MCU: LPC55S06 Arm® Cortex®-M33 (up to 96 MHz).
    • Memory: 256 KB flash and 96 KB SRAM on-chip.
    • Debug Probe: Integrated LPC-Link2 debug high-speed USB probe with VCOM port.
    • Expansion: Arduino UNO compatible shield connectors, PMod/host interface, and MikroElektronika Click module site.
    • Peripherals: Tri-color LED, CAN Transceiver, NXP FXOS8700CQ accelerometer, and UART header.
    • Clock: Configured to use the internal FRO at 96MHz as the system clock source.
  10. Overview of NXP UCANS32K1SIC board

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    The ucans32k1sic is a CAN signal improvement capability (SIC) evaluation board designed for automotive and industrial applications. It is based on the NXP S32K146 (Arm Cortex-M4F @ up to 112 MHz) microcontroller, featuring 1 MB Flash and 128 KB SRAM.

    Key hardware features include:

    • Two CAN SIC interfaces with dual CAN FD PHYs.
    • DCD-LZ debug interface supporting SWD and Console/UART.
    • One user RGB LED and one user button.
    • JST-GH DroneCode compliant connectors.
    • System clock is configured to 80 MHz in RUN mode.
  11. Overview of bsim boards

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    Bsim (BabbleSim) boards are test-benches designed for integration testing of embedded code on a workstation/simulation environment. They use the native simulator and the POSIX architecture to execute embedded code natively on Linux.

    Key Characteristics:

    • Deterministic & Reproducible: Execution is independent of host load or timing.
    • Fast Execution: Can run much faster than real-time.
    • No Real HW Required: Uses hardware models to simulate peripherals and radio environments (via BabbleSim).
    • Comparison to native_sim: Unlike the standard native_sim board, bsim boards do not interact directly with host peripherals and include specific HW models to simulate real embedded hardware behavior.

    Available bsim boards:

    • nrf52_bsim (Simulated nRF52833)
    • nrf5340bsim (Simulated nRF5340)
    • nrf54l15bsim (Simulated nRF54L15)
    • nrf54lm20bsim (Simulated nRF54LM20)