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Tornado Web Framework

repository·master·Indexed 12 days ago

https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado

A Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. This documentation includes guides and demos for building web applications, implementing TCP servers and clients using TCPServer and TCPClient, and integrating authentication via GoogleOAuth2Mixin and the Facebook Graph API.

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What's inside Tornado

  1. What is Tornado and its core components

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    Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library designed for high-concurrency applications. It uses non-blocking network I/O to scale to tens of thousands of open connections, making it suitable for WebSockets, long polling, and other long-lived connection protocols.

    Core components include:

    • Web Framework: Provides .RequestHandler for creating web applications and various supporting classes.
    • HTTP Implementations: Includes .HTTPServer (server-side) and .AsyncHTTPClient (client-side).
    • Asynchronous Networking Library: Built on .IOLoop and .IOStream, which serve as the foundation for HTTP components and can be used to implement custom protocols.

  2. What is Tornado Web Server

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    Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library designed to handle non-blocking network I/O. It is optimized for scaling to tens of thousands of open connections, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring long-lived connections such as WebSockets and long polling.

  3. Use tornado.locks for coroutine synchronization

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    The tornado.locks module provides synchronization primitives designed to coordinate Tornado coroutines within a single-threaded application. These are analogous to the primitives found in Python's asyncio package.

    CRITICAL WARNING: These primitives are not thread-safe. They are intended for coordinating coroutines in a single-threaded Tornado application and cannot be used as a replacement for the threading module's primitives to protect shared objects in a multithreaded application.

  5. Use tornado.httputil to manipulate HTTP headers and URLs

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    The tornado.httputil module provides utilities for manipulating HTTP headers and URLs. It is designed to assist with common HTTP-related tasks such as parsing, constructing, and modifying request components.

  6. Use tornado.autoreload to detect code changes in development

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    The tornado.autoreload module provides functionality to automatically detect code changes during development. This allows the application to restart or react when source files are modified, streamlining the development workflow.

  7. Use tornado.queues for coroutine-based communication

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    The tornado.queues module provides asynchronous queue implementations designed for use with coroutines. These queues allow different parts of an application to communicate by passing objects safely across coroutine boundaries without blocking the event loop.

    Available queue types include:

    • Queue: A standard First-In-First-Out (FIFO) queue.
    • PriorityQueue: A queue where items are retrieved based on priority.
    • LifoQueue: A Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) stack-based queue.

  8. Use tornado.tcpserver for basic TCP servers

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    The tornado.tcpserver module provides a basic TCP server implementation built on top of Tornado's .IOStream. It is used to create servers that listen for incoming TCP connections and can be extended by subclassing tornado.tcpserver.TCPServer to handle connection logic.

  9. Use tornado.locale for internationalization support

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    The tornado.locale module provides support for internationalization (i18n) within the Tornado framework. It allows applications to handle different languages and locales, typically used for translating user-facing strings and formatting data according to specific regional settings.

  11. Use tornado.iostream for non-blocking socket operations

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    The tornado.iostream module provides convenient, non-blocking wrappers for sockets. It is built around the BaseIOStream abstraction, which defines a standard interface for asynchronous I/O operations.

    Commonly used implementations include:

    • IOStream: Standard non-blocking socket wrapper.
    • SSLIOStream: Wrapper for sockets wrapped in SSL/TLS.
    • PipeIOStream: Wrapper for pipes.

    All I/O operations in these streams are non-blocking and designed to work within the Tornado I/O loop.

  12. Use tornado.platform.asyncio as a bridge between asyncio and Tornado

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    The tornado.platform.asyncio module provides a bridge that allows Tornado to work seamlessly with the standard Python asyncio event loop. This is useful when you need to integrate Tornado's web capabilities with other libraries that rely on asyncio's event loop implementation.